Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disease that causes recurrent fever and painful swelling of the abdomen, lungs, and joints.
FMF is a hereditary disease that typically affects people of Mediterranean descent—including North African, Jewish, Arab, Armenian, Turkish, Greek, and Italian descent. However, it can affect people of any ethnic group.
FMF is usually diagnosed in childhood. Although there is no cure for this disease, you can relieve the signs and symptoms of FMF—or even prevent them—by adhering to your treatment plan.
Familial Mediterranean fever is caused by a genetic mutation passed from parents to children. This genetic mutation causes problems in modulating inflammation in the body.
In people with familial Mediterranean fever, this mutation occurs in a gene called MEFV. Several different mutations in MEFV are associated with familial Mediterranean fever. Some gene mutations can cause severe cases, while others can result in milder signs and symptoms.
There is no cure for familial Mediterranean fever. However, treatment can help prevent signs and symptoms.
Medications used to control the signs and symptoms of familial Mediterranean fever include:
Colchicine. This pill reduces inflammation in your body and helps prevent flare-ups. Work with your doctor to determine the best dosing strategy for you. Some people take one dose daily, while others need smaller, more frequent doses. Common side effects may include abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
Other medications to prevent inflammation. For those whose signs and symptoms aren't controlled with colchicine, prescription medications can block the protein interleukin-1, which promotes inflammation. These medications include canakinumab (Ilaris), rilonacept (Arcalyst), and anakinra (Kineret).
If you or your child experiences sudden, worrisome signs or symptoms, such as shortness of breath or fainting.
See your doctor if you or your child experiences a sudden fever accompanied by abdominal, chest, and joint pain.