Disease

Types

First:

Inguinal Hernia: An inguinal hernia occurs at the pubic bone when some tissues of internal abdominal organs, such as the intestines, protrude through a weak point in the abdominal muscles. This type of hernia does not resolve on its own and can lead to life-threatening complications. Therefore, surgical repair of an inguinal hernia is recommended when it increases in size. The protruding swelling is painful and accompanied by several symptoms and signs, including:

1- Pain and burning sensation at the site of the swelling.

2- A feeling of pressure, weakness, and heaviness in the area between the abdomen and thigh.

3- Pain when lifting heavy objects, coughing, and bending forward.

4- Noticeable swelling when coughing and standing upright.

5- Swelling of the testicles, sometimes accompanied by pain.

Second:

Umbilical Hernia: The navel may protrude in many children when they cry. This is a classic sign of an umbilical hernia, a very common condition that is usually not serious.

An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes, or bulges, through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle. Umbilical hernias are very common in infants, but they can also occur in adults.

Symptoms and signs of an umbilical hernia:

1. The child may experience pain.

2. The child may experience sudden vomiting.

3. The hernia area may be painful to touch, or it may appear swollen and discolored in both children and adults.

Third: Femoral hernia: A femoral hernia occurs when tissue pushes through a weak spot in the wall of the thigh muscles or the inside of the thigh.

Common causes include:

1. Excess weight

2. Excessive straining during coughing, exercise, or bowel movements.

Symptoms and Signs:

1. Sudden, severe, worsening pain around the hernia.

2. Fever.

3. Nausea.

4. Rapid heartbeat.

5. Redness of the skin around the bulge.

6. Vomiting.

Fourth: Hiatal Hernia: This is a weakness and relaxation of the stomach muscles, leading to an opening in the stomach wall that extends into the chest area and diaphragm. Over time, the hernia may enlarge, causing some fatty tissue or parts of the internal abdomen to protrude.

Symptoms and Signs:

1. Acid reflux into the esophagus and heartburn.

2. Regurgitation of food and drink into the mouth.

3. Difficulty swallowing.

4. Chest or abdominal pain.

5. Shortness of breath.

6. Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools, which may indicate internal bleeding in the digestive tract.

7. Frequent belching. How to diagnose and treat:

1. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) X-ray:

X-rays are taken after you drink a chalky liquid that coats and fills the lining of your digestive tract. This coating allows your doctor to see a silhouette of your esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine.

2. Upper endoscopy:

Your doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) down your throat to examine the inside of your esophagus and stomach and check for inflammation.

3. Esophageal manometry:

This test measures the rhythmic contractions of the muscles in your esophagus when you swallow. Esophageal manometry also measures the coordination and strength of the esophageal muscles.

The surgical procedure to repair an abdominal wall hernia typically involves making an incision over the hernia area, separating the edges of the hernia opening in the abdominal wall, releasing the hernia contents and returning them to the abdominal cavity, and closing the opening with fascia and muscles. The hernia opening is closed with sutures.

How long does abdominal wall hernia surgery take?

During abdominal wall hernia surgery, the doctor will ask the patient to refrain from eating or drinking anything, especially for a period of time before the procedure, which the doctor will determine based on the individual case.

The patient will be unconscious during the procedure, under anesthesia, either general or spinal. However, in some cases, spinal anesthesia may be used only, such as when the patient has a medical condition that precludes general anesthesia, or if the hernia is small.

The duration of abdominal wall hernia surgery usually does not exceed half an hour; it is a simple and safe surgical procedure.

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First: Laparoscopic hernia repair: This minimally invasive surgery involves making small incisions, typically 1 to 2 centimeters long, using specialized instruments attached to the end of a thin, flexible tube (the laparoscope).

Second: Open hernia repair: This is a traditional open surgery technique that involves making a longer incision, typically 8 to 15 centimeters, to access the hernia. While this approach is more invasive, it may be the best treatment option for some cases.

Third: Robotic hernia repair: This minimally invasive surgical technique utilizes a medical robot, allowing for greater precision and effectiveness in the procedure.

*Some medical tests, such as blood tests and certain X-rays, may be performed.

What procedures are followed by the nursing staff before surgery?

1. Measuring pulse, temperature, and blood pressure.

2. Asking the patient to empty their bladder before going to the operating room.

3. The patient leaves their belongings, such as their watch and other personal items, outside the operating room.

4. Ensuring the patient receives the correct dosage of muscle relaxants and atropine.