Types of thyroid gland: - Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

Once you are unconscious, the surgeon makes a low incision in the center of your neck. This is often done in a skin fold so it is difficult to see once the incision has healed. All or part of the thyroid gland is removed, depending on the reason for the surgery.

If you are having a thyroidectomy because of thyroid cancer, the surgeon may also examine and remove any lymph nodes around the thyroid gland. Thyroidectomy surgery typically takes between one and two hours. It may take longer or shorter depending on the extent of the surgery required.

Several methods are used to remove the thyroid gland, including:

Traditional thyroidectomy. This method involves making an incision in the center of the neck to directly access the thyroid gland. Most people prefer this procedure.

Transoral thyroidectomy. This method avoids making an incision in the neck by using an incision inside the mouth.

Endoscopic thyroidectomy. This method uses smaller incisions in the neck. These incisions are used to insert surgical instruments and a small video camera. The camera guides the surgeon through the procedure.

1. Partial thyroidectomy.

2. Total thyroidectomy.

Food and Medication

If you have an overactive thyroid, your doctor may prescribe medication—such as an iodine and potassium solution—to regulate your thyroid function and reduce the risk of bleeding.

You may need to avoid eating and drinking for a certain period of time before the procedure to prevent complications from the anesthesia. Your doctor will give you specific instructions.

Other Precautions

Before your scheduled surgery, ask a friend or loved one to help you at home after the procedure. Be sure to leave your jewelry and valuables at home.