What Are Flat Feet?
Flat feet — also called fallen arches — happen when the entire sole of your foot touches the ground while standing. It’s very common and usually not harmful.
How to Tell if You Have Flat Feet
Look at the inner side of your foot while standing:
- Flat feet: the whole bottom of the foot is on the ground with no arch or gap.
- Normal arch: the inside part of the foot is slightly raised, creating a visible curve.
Are Flat Feet a Problem?
In most cases, no.
Children often have flat feet early in life, and arches usually develop naturally between ages 3–10.
Flat feet typically:
- Do not cause pain
- Do not limit activities or sports
- Are rarely linked to serious conditions
However, some people may experience:
- Aching on the inner side of the foot
- Pain around the ankle or lower leg
- Shoes wearing out faster than usual
If there’s no pain or difficulty, you usually don’t need treatment.
When to See a Doctor
Contact a GP if you have flat feet and any of the following:
- Foot pain, stiffness, weakness, or numbness
- Frequent foot or ankle injuries
- Trouble walking or balancing
- Flat feet that appeared suddenly
- Only one foot is affected
These signs may mean you need evaluation or treatment.
Treatment Options
If flat feet are causing problems, a GP may refer you to a podiatrist or physiotherapist. Referral availability varies, and waiting times can be long.
A foot specialist may advise on:
- Supportive footwear (wide, comfortable, low‑heeled shoes)
- Insoles/orthotics to support the arch
- Foot stretches and exercises
- Pain relief
These treatments do not change the shape of your feet but can reduce discomfort or stiffness.
Surgery
Surgery is rarely needed. It may be considered only if:
- There is a structural problem in the bones, muscles, or tissues
- Other treatments have not helped
A GP may refer you to a surgeon if surgery seems appropriate.
Self‑Referral to a Podiatrist
In some areas, you can see a podiatrist without a GP referral.
To check if this is available:
- Ask your GP surgery’s reception
- Visit your GP surgery’s website
- Contact your local Integrated Care Board (ICB)
- Search for podiatry or chiropody services near you
What Causes Flat Feet?
Often, there is no clear cause — it may simply be your natural foot shape.
Other possible causes include:
- Family history
- Foot bones not forming normally before birth
- Stretching or weakening of foot tissues (injury, aging, weight changes)
- Conditions affecting muscles, nerves, or joints (e.g., cerebral palsy, spina bifida)